Person

Gerard B. Carsten

Leadership scholars of followership theory and how followers shape organizational authority.

Why this matters

Followership theory names how authority depends on reciprocal roles—not leaders alone.

Works

book

Followership Theory: A Review and Research Agenda.

Uhl-Bien, Michael, Ronald E. Riggio, Kelly Lowe, and Gerard B. Carsten. "Followership Theory: A Review and Research Agenda." *The Leadership Quarterly* 25, no. 1 (2014): 83–104.

Related concepts

Concept

Correction

Correction names the lived work of narrowing the gap between what was assumed and what is actually happening. It becomes important whenever systems, beliefs, or coordination can drift while still feeling operational. It helps preserve shared reality and learning, but can fail when every correction spawns new framing instead of updated contact with conditions. It differs from repair because correction updates belief and behavior; repair addresses damaged standing and trust. It differs from revisability because correction is the act; revisability is the designed capacity to keep correcting.

Concept

Guest Leadership

A form of circulation where people closest to an issue can temporarily step in to lead a response, then return to their usual role.

Concept

Legitimacy

Legitimacy names the standing that lets authority coordinate without constant coercion. It becomes important when scale, abstraction, or time separate decision-makers from lived consequence. It helps preserve trust and willing participation, but can fail when smooth operation is mistaken for moral standing or when scrutiny is treated as disloyalty. It differs from alignment because legitimacy still invites proportionate inquiry; alignment can bind through belonging signals alone.

Concept

Normalization

Normalization names how procedural delay, queue waits, and administrative distance become background hum rather than alarm. In Before Certainty Arrives and Living in Sediment-adjacent dynamics, what once required explanation becomes what institutions expect people to endure. It becomes important when thinning fit hides behind functioning machinery. It helps recognize saturation before rupture, but can fail when ordinary continuity is mistaken for health. It differs from drift because normalization is drift absorbed into baseline expectation; drift is the ongoing movement away from original conditions.

Related books

Book

When Others Look to You

Renewal and Erosion in Leadership

A leadership field guide to how influence forms, how trust is renewed, and how erosion begins when responsibility drifts from practice.